Wikipedia - Ku cinca ka sweswi-nyana [ts]

Nceka

2026-09-13T22:24:03Z

i did not add the picture

Tluka rintswa

Nceka.

'''Nceka''' i swiambalo swa vatsonga leswi va swi mbalaka hi siku ra ndhavuko kumbe siku rihi na rihi. Nceka unga tlhela u mbala wona loko u tshamile ekaya kumbe loko u karhi u sweka. Nceka wu mbariwa ngopfu hi va manana kumbe munhu wa xinsati. Nceka wu fanele ku hlayisiwa swinene. Endzhaku ko wu tirhisa, wu fanele ku vekiwa endhawini yo oma leswaku wu nga onhaki hi mati kumbe swin'wana leswinga kona emutini. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Başaran |first=Fatma Nur |last2=Gürcüm |first2=Banu Tipigil |date=2007-08 |title=A Reflection on Pomak Culture in Modern-day Turkey: Traditional Female Clothing and the Bride's Wedding Outfit |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00155870701337718 |journal=Folklore |volume=118 |issue=2 |pages=217–228 |doi=10.1080/00155870701337718 |issn=0015-587X}}</ref>

Hi nkatsakanyo, nceka i xitirhisiwa xo olova kamba xa nkoka swinene evuton'wini bya siku na siku. Wu hi dyondzisa nkoka wa ku rhandza kubasa ni ku hlayisa tindhawu leti hi hanyaka eka tona. Nceka wa bebula n'wana lo ntsongo, wu tlhela wu ndlalela tafula endlwini, wu tlhela wu banga manyala kufana na ku pfala mafasitere. Nceka wu pfuna swotala swinene emutini. Nceka awu mbali tsena na Xibelana kambe na swo tala.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2005-04-07 |title=Tsonga |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43684 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref>

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke. ==
[https://.wwwMkateko Mnisi Nceka Pinterest Board https:/Nkateko Mnisi Nceka Pinterest Board]

https://blog.teacollection.com/2013/01/05/what-is-the-nceka-cloth/<ref>{{Cite web|last=Collection|first=Tea|date=2013-01-05|title=What is the Nceka cloth?|url=https://blog.teacollection.com/2013/01/05/what-is-the-nceka-cloth/|accessdate=2026-09-13|website=Tea Collection Blog|language=en-US}}</ref>

User:GerardM/Presidents of Egypt

2026-09-13T16:04:20Z

Removing President_Mohamed_Morsi.jpg, it has been deleted from Commons by Infrogmation because: per c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Mohamed Morsi.

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 16:04, 13 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 44:		Ntila 44:
	\| 2012-06-30		\| 2012-06-30
	\| 2013-07-03		\| 2013-07-03
			\|
	\| [[File:President Mohamed Morsi.jpg\|center\|128px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''[[:d:Q34105\|Hosni Mubarak]]''		\| ''[[:d:Q34105\|Hosni Mubarak]]''

Burkina Faso

2026-09-13T09:52:35Z

Replacing Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso.svg with File:Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso_(1984-2025).svg (by CommonsDelinker because: File renamed: Criterion 4 (harmonizing names of file set) · The

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 09:52, 13 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 6:		Ntila 6:
	\|-		\|-
	\| align="center" width="140px" \| [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg\|125px]]		\| align="center" width="140px" \| [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg\|125px]]
	\| align="center" width="140px" \| [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg\|125px]]		\| align="center" width="140px" \| [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso (1984-2025).svg\|125px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| align="center" width="140px" \| ([[Flag of Burkina Faso\|Flag]])		\| align="center" width="140px" \| ([[Flag of Burkina Faso\|Flag]])

Nkwama.

2026-09-12T15:31:52Z

i have added one more paragraph

Tluka rintswa

Nkwama.
[[File:Raffia hand bag.jpg|thumb|Nkwama.]]
'''Nkwama''' i nchumu wa nkoka swinene evutonw'wini bya siku na siku. Xi tirhisiwa ku rhwala tibuku, swiambalo, swakudya ni swilo swin'wana swa nkoka. Vana va xikolo va tirhisa nkwama siku rin'wana ni rin'wana loko va ya exikolweni.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Forsyth |first=Oli |date=2017 |title=Kings |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350062115.00000003 |journal=Kings |doi=10.5040/9781350062115.00000003}}</ref>

Kuna mixaka yo hambana ya Minkwama. Ku na Nkwama wa xikolo, nkwama wa endzela, nkwama xo khoma hi mavoko xikan'we ni nkwama wo chela khompyuta. Xin'wana na xin'wana xi endliwile ku pfuna munhu hi ndlela leyi xi faneleke ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bodner |first=Keith |date=2013-07-25 |title=Elisha's Profile in the Book of Kings |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681174.001.0001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-968117-4}}</ref>

Swi fanerile ku hlayisa nkwama hi ku xibasisa nkarhi na nkarhi ku nga xi talisi hi swilo swo tika ngopfu. Loko nkwama wu hlayisekile, swi endla leswaku wu tshama nkarhi woleha naswona xi ya emahlweni xi pfuna n'wini wa xona.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Demas |first=Lane |date=2017-09-11 |title=Guns in their Golf Bags |url=https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634227.003.0005 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-4696-3422-7}}</ref>

Hi marito yo gimeta, nkwama i munghana wa nkoka eka munhu un'wana na un'wana hikuva xi olovisa ku rhwala swilo naswona xi pfuna ku hlayisa swilo swi ri eka ndhawu yin'we.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lopez |first=Richard B. |last2=Polletta |first2=Isabel |date=2021-08-25 |title=Regulating Self-Image on Instagram: Links Between Social Anxiety, Instagram Contingent Self-Worth, and Content Control Behaviors |url=https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711447 |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711447 |issn=1664-1078}}</ref>

== Tibuku leti tirhisiweke. ==
https://www.google.com/search?q=www.linksandkings.com+&sca_esv=0599634f104d6e26&aep=10&cs=0&sxsrf=APpeQnsIn51cCKh1bL_wgbjfCtMVwkz81A%3A1789225544892&ei=SGqlasf9NcqEhbIPkJ6EyAo&biw=1161&bih=514&ved=2ahUKEwjHwZrIqOmWAxVKQkEAHRAPAakQ4dUDegQIBhAM&uact=5&oq=www.linksandkings.com+&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiFnd3dy5saW5rc2FuZGtpbmdzLmNvbSBIoZgBUJJaWJJacAJ4AZABAJgB8QSgAfEEqgEDNS0xuAEDyAEA-AEB-AECmAICoALxAagCCsICBxAjGOoCGCfCAg0QIxjJAhjwBRjqAhgnmAPfAfEFrREuq64WoQKSBwUxLjAuMaAHKLIHALgHAMIHBzMtMS42LTHIB7YBgAgB&sclient=gws <ref>{{Cite web|title=Links & Kings {{!}} Golf's Luxury|url=https://www.linksandkings.com/|accessdate=2026-09-12|website=www.linksandkings.com|language=en}}</ref>

User:TentingZones1

2026-09-12T09:34:13Z

SHB2000 renamed user TentingZones1 (0 edits) to Renamed user 206268f13c0a84ea6292fe953e2c7a58 per request

User:Lionel Cristiano

2026-09-11T12:13:00Z

Vincent Vega renamed user Lionel Cristiano (0 edits) to LM.CR per request

NSFAS

2026-09-11T02:34:43Z

Created page with "left|thumb|550x550px '''National Student Financial Aid Scheme''' (NSFAS) ku kongomisiwa eka rixaka ra xikimi xa mpfuneto wa swa timali wa machudeni, I basari leyi heleleke. Ahi xikweleti awu hakeli loko u fikelela swilaveko swa dyondzo. Eka lembe ra 2026 va pasisile ku nyikiwa mali ya 692,702 wa swichudeni leswi sungulaka na 550,959 wa swichudeni leswi yisaka emahlweni tidyondzo, naswona va humese mali yo tlula 6.3 biliyoni wati rha..."

Tluka rintswa

[[File:Atm drawing money (2).png|left|thumb|550x550px]]
'''National [[Student]] Financial Aid Scheme''' (NSFAS) ku kongomisiwa eka rixaka ra xikimi xa mpfuneto wa swa timali wa machudeni, I basari leyi heleleke. Ahi xikweleti awu hakeli loko u fikelela swilaveko swa dyondzo. Eka lembe ra 2026 va pasisile ku nyikiwa mali ya 692,702 wa swichudeni leswi sungulaka na 550,959 wa swichudeni leswi yisaka emahlweni tidyondzo, naswona va humese mali yo tlula 6.3 biliyoni wati rhandi eka tiyunivhesiti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-10 |title=The Mail & Guardian {{!}} Africa's Better Future |url=https://mg.co.za/ |access-date=2026-09-11 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

Leswi swi hlanganisaka mali yo tsarisa, mali ya tidyondzo, swipfuno, vutshamo byale yunivhesiti, mali ya swakudya na mali yaku xava tibuku. U fanele kuva muakatiko wa AfrikaDzonga kuta kota ku pfuniwa hi NSFAS. Machudeni ya fanele kuva va nghena xikolo eka [[yunivhesithi]] ya mfumo kumbe kholichi ya mfumo ya TVET tikholichi ta phurayivhete ati seketeriwi hi timali.

Awu fanelanga ku endla xikombelo xa basari leyi loko u ngari muakatiko,loko u hetile tidyondzo to sungula, Xikombiso basari leyi yi pfuneta munhu ntsena loko a endla tidyondzo ta yena to sungula handleka advance,postgraduate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-19 |title=NSFAS Login 2027: MyNSFAS Login With ID Number In South Africa |url=https://nsfaslogin.org.za/ |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

<references />
[[Category:Tinhlayo]]

User:Nayitisam

2026-09-11T01:36:18Z

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 01:36, 11 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 2:		Ntila 2:


	[[User:Nayitisam/Draft 1\|Draft 1]] [[User:Nayitisam/Draft 2\|Draft 2]] [[*Draft 3\|Draft 3]] [[Vamakwenu\|Draft4]] [[Draft5]] [[Telkom residence]] [[~~Ngoma~~]]		[[User:Nayitisam/Draft 1\|Draft 1]] [[User:Nayitisam/Draft 2\|Draft 2]] [[*Draft 3\|Draft 3]] [[Vamakwenu\|Draft4]] [[Draft5]] [[Telkom residence]] [[NSFAS]]

TripReporter

2026-09-10T20:08:41Z

NDG deleted page TripReporter Spam (global sysop action): content was: "{{Infobox Website | Name = TripReporter | Logo = | URL = https://tripreporter.co.uk/ | Beschreibung = Online-Reisemagazin | Sprachen = Englisch | Registrierung = nicht erforderlich | Gründer = Andy Mossack | Betreiber = | Redaktion = Andy Mossack | Online = | Stand = 2026 }} '''TripReporter''' (auch '''TripReporter.co.uk''') ist ein britisches englischsprachiges Online-Magaz...", and the only contributor was "[[Special:Contributions/MalJas3|...

User:Derek J Moore

2026-09-10T19:00:19Z

added

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 19:00, 10 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 48:		Ntila 48:
	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| title = Upload Images		\| title = Upload Images
	\| data2 =		\| data2 ={{Upload xifaniso}}
	\| data6 = Some value		\| data6 = Some value
	}}		}}

Template:Clickable button

2026-09-10T18:57:43Z

Created page with "{{#invoke:Clickable button|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}  </noinclude>"

Tluka rintswa

{{#invoke:Clickable button|main}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}

</noinclude>

Module:Clickable button

2026-09-10T18:55:23Z

Created page with "-- This module implements {{clickable button 2}}. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink local p = {} function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) -- If first arg or a url is not provided, -- but we have a second arg, make a button. -- Otherwise, return nothing. args.originalInput = args[1] args[1] = delink({..."

Tluka rintswa

-- This module implements {{clickable button 2}}.

local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink

local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local args = getArgs(frame)
return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
-- If first arg or a url is not provided,
-- but we have a second arg, make a button.
-- Otherwise, return nothing.
args.originalInput = args[1]
args[1] = delink({args[1]})
if args[1] == "" then
args[1] = nil
end

if not args[1] and not args.url then
if args[2] then
p.nolink = true
else
return ''
end
end

local data = p.makeLinkData(args)
local link = p.renderLink(args.originalInput, data)
local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
return link .. trackingCategories
end

function p.makeLinkData(args)
local data = {}

-- Get the link and display values,
-- and find whether we are outputting
-- a wikilink or a URL.
if args.url then
data.isUrl = true
data.link = args.url
if args[1] then
data.display = args[1]
elseif args[2] then
data.display = args[2]
else
data.display = args.url
p.urlisdisplay = true
end
else
data.isUrl = false
p.urlisdisplay = false
data.link = args[1]
if args[2] then
data.display = args[2]
else
data.display = args[1]
end
if args[1] and args[1]:find('http') then
data.isUrl = true
end
end

if yesno(args.link) == false then
p.nolink = true
end

-- Colours
-- For the merge with {{clickable button}}
local colour = args.color and args.color:lower()

-- Classes
local class = args.class and args.class:lower()
data.classes = {}
if class == 'ui-button-green'
or class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'ui-button-red'
then
table.insert(
data.classes,
'submit ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all'
.. ' ui-button-text-only ui-button-text'
)
else
table.insert(data.classes, 'mw-ui-button')
end

--If class is unset,
--then let color determine class
if not class then
if colour == 'blue' then
class = 'mw-ui-progressive'
elseif colour == 'red' then
class = 'mw-ui-destructive'
elseif colour == 'green' then
class = 'mw-ui-constructive'
end
end

if class then
table.insert(data.classes, class)
end

-- Styles
do
--[[
-- Check whether we are on the same page as we have specified in
-- args[1], but not if we are using a URL link, as then args[1] is only
-- a display value. If we are currently on the page specified in
-- args[1] make the button colour darker so that it stands out from
-- other buttons on the page.
--]]
local success, linkTitle, currentTitle
if not data.isUrl then
currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
success, linkTitle = pcall(mw.title.new, args[1])
elseif p.urlisdisplay then
currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
end
if success
and linkTitle
and mw.title.equals(currentTitle, linkTitle)
and not p.urlisdisplay
then
if class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'mw-ui-progressive'
or class == 'mw-ui-constructive'
then
data.backgroundColor = '#2962CB'
data.color = '#fff'
elseif class == 'ui-button-green' then
data.backgroundColor = '#008B6D'
elseif class == 'ui-button-red' or class == 'mw-ui-destructive' then
data.backgroundColor = '#A6170F'
else
data.backgroundColor = '#CCC'
data.color = '#666'
end
elseif p.urlisdisplay then
data.dummyLink = tostring(currentTitle)
end
-- Add user-specified styles.
data.style = args.style
end
return data
end

function p.renderLink(originalInput, data)
-- Render the display span tag.
local display
do
local displaySpan = mw.html.create('span')
for i, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do
displaySpan:addClass(class)
end

displaySpan
:css{
['background-color'] = data.backgroundColor,
color = data.color
}
if data.style then
displaySpan:cssText(data.style)
end
displaySpan:wikitext(data.display)
display = tostring(displaySpan)
end

-- Render the link
local link
if originalInput and originalInput:find('|') then
link = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', delink({originalInput, wikilinks = 'target'}), display)
elseif p.nolink then
if p.urlisdisplay then
link = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', data.dummyLink, display)
else
link = string.format('%s', display)
end
else
if data.isUrl then
link = string.format('[%s %s]', data.link, display)
else
link = string.format('[[%s |%s]]', data.link, display)
end
end

return string.format('<span class="plainlinks clickbutton">%s</span>', link)
end

function p.renderTrackingCategories(args)
if yesno(args.category) == false then
return ''
end
local class = args.class and args.class:lower()
if class == 'ui-button-green'
or class == 'ui-button-blue'
or class == 'ui-button-red'
then
return '[[Category:Pages using old style ui-button-color]]'
else
return ''
end
end

return p

Template:Upload xifaniso

2026-09-10T18:54:30Z

Created page with "<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:{{#switch: {{{1|{{{type|}}}}}} | 1 = Gthumb.svg | 2 = Replace this image JA.svg | 3 = Requestpicture.JPG | #default = Gthumb.svg }}|{{#if: {{{2|{{{size|}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{size}}}}}} | {{#switch: {{{1|{{{type|}}}}}} | 2 = 150px | 3 = 230px | #default = {{{size}}} }} }}|link=commons:Special:UploadWizard]]<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">{{Clickable button|c:Special:UploadWizard|Upload Imag..."

Tluka rintswa

<div style="text-align: center;">[[File:{{#switch: {{{1|{{{type|}}}}}}
| 1 = Gthumb.svg
| 2 = Replace this image JA.svg
| 3 = Requestpicture.JPG
| #default = Gthumb.svg
}}|{{#if: {{{2|{{{size|}}}}}}
| {{{2|{{{size}}}}}}
| {{#switch: {{{1|{{{type|}}}}}}
| 2 = 150px
| 3 = 230px
| #default = {{{size}}}
}}
}}|link=commons:Special:UploadWizard]]<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">{{Clickable button|c:Special:UploadWizard|Upload Image|class=mw-ui-progressive}}</span></div><includeonly>{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} | {{ns:1}} = {{#if:{{{cat|}}}
| [[Category:{{{cat}}} Image Request]]
}}
| #default=
}}{{#if: {{{cat1|}}}
| [[Category:{{{cat1}}} Image Request]]
}}{{#if: {{{cat2|}}}
| [[Category:{{{cat2}}} Image Request]]
}}{{#if: {{{cat3|}}}
| [[Image Request for Category:{{{cat3}}}]]
}}{{#if: {{{cat4|}}}
| [[Image Request for Category:{{{cat4}}}]]
}}{{#if: {{{cat5|}}}
| [[Image Request for Category:{{{cat5}}}]]
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Tsipedia/styles.css

2026-09-10T14:51:52Z

added

@@ Ntila 298: / Ntila 298: @@
+}
@@ Ntila 443: / Ntila 314: @@
+  }
+}

User:Derek J Moore

2026-09-10T14:46:58Z

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 14:46, 10 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 47:		Ntila 47:

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
	\| title = ~~Example:~~ ~~header with & without data~~		\| title = Upload Images
	\| header1 = Header1 with empty section
	\| label2 = label2 text
	\| data2 =		\| data2 =
	\| label3 = label3 text
	\| data3 =
	\| label4 = label4 text
	\| data4 =
	\| header5 = Header5 with data below
	\| label6 = label6 text
	\| data6 = Some value		\| data6 = Some value
	}}		}}

Template:Tsipedia/styles.css

2026-09-10T14:46:45Z

added

Komba ku cinca

Ntswamba(Masi)

2026-09-10T13:44:58Z

Created by translating the page "Milk"

Tluka rintswa

[[File:Glass_of_Milk_(33657535532).jpg|thumb| Nghilazi ya masi [[Homu|ya homu]]]]
[[File:Melkkarussell.jpg|thumb| Tihomu eka ndhawu yo senga masi leyi rhendzelekaka]]
'''Masi''' hi ntolovelo i [[swakudya]] swo basa leswi khulukaku (swa nkhuluko) (kambe swinga va tinxaka ta muhlovo wa xitshopana, wa khirimi, wa pinki kumbe buraweni) leswi endliwaka hiswaku mamisa swa swihadyani leswi mamisaka leswi mamisaka . I xihlovo xosungula xa swakudya eka swihadyani leswi mamisaka leswintsongo loko swinga se kota ku gayela swakudya leswi tiyeke. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Winckel |first=M |last2=Velde |first2=SV |last3=De Bruyne |first3=R |last4=Van Biervliet |first4=S |date=2011 |title=Clinical Practice |journal=European Journal of Pediatrics |volume=170 |issue=12 |pages=1489–1494 |doi=10.1007/s00431-011-1547-x |issn=0340-6199 |pmid=21912895 |s2cid=26852044}}</ref> Masi ma endla swakudya swo tala, ku katsa ni calcium ni tiphrotheyini, swin’we ni lactose ni mafurha lama taleke ; <ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2021|title=Milk|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/milk/|accessdate=17 April 2024|website=The Nutrition Source|publisher=Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|language=en-us}}</ref> enzyme ya lactase ya laveka ku hahlula lactose. Swiaki swa masocha ya miri ni swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri eka masi swi hoxa xandla eka masocha ya miri ya masi . Masi yosungula, lawa ya vuriwaka kholasitiramu, yana leswi lwisanaku na leswi swi lavaku ku lwisa masocha ya mirhu na swiaki leswi cincaka masocha ya miri leswi tiyisaka masocha ya mirhi eka mavabyi yotala.

Tanihi xitirhisiwa xa vurimi, masi ya hlengeletiwa (tekiwa) ku suka eka swifuwo swale purasini, ngopfu ngopfu [[Homu|tihomu]], eka ndhawu ya ntswamba . Yi tirhisiwa hi vanhu tanihi swa kunwa na tanihi xiaki xa masungulo ya switirhisiwa swa masi . CDC ya le tiko malwandle ra Amerika yi kombisa leswaku vana lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 12 wa tin’hweti (malembe ya le hansi yo tshika ku nyika masi ya mavele kumbe fomula ) va fanele kuva vari ni swiphemu swimbirhi swa swilo leswi endliweke hi masi hi siku, <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Cow's Milk and Milk Alternatives |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |url-status=dead |journal=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313094327/https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/InfantandToddlerNutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |access-date=February 5, 2026}}</ref> naswona vanhu vo tlula ntsevu wa tibiliyoni emisaveni hinkwayo va dya masi ni swilo leswi endliweke hi masi. <ref name="UNFAO-2010">{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Status and Prospects for Smallholder Milk Production: A Global Perspective |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |editor-last=Hemme |editor-first=T. |access-date=December 1, 2011 |editor-last2=Otte |editor-first2=J. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119183128/http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vuswikoti bya vanhu lavakulu byo gayela masi byi titshege hi ku phikelela ka lactase, hikwalaho vanhu lava nga tiyiseleliki lactose va ni xiphiqo xo gayela lactose.

Hi lembe ra 2011, mapurasi ya masi ya humelerile (endlile) kwalomu ka {{Convert|730|e6tonne|e6ST}} ta masi <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2012|title=Food Outlook{{nbsp}}– Global Market Analysis|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522161025/http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|archive-date=May 22, 2012|accessdate=August 1, 2012|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|pages=8, 51–54}}</ref> ku suka eka 260 wa timiliyoni ta tihomu ta masi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=January 14, 2014 |title=World Dairy Cow Numbers |url=http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323134129/http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-date=March 23, 2014 |access-date=March 23, 2014 |work=[FAO]}}</ref> [[Indiya|India]] i muendli lonkulu wa masi emisaveni hinkwayo naswona i muhumelerisi lonkulu wa masi wa mapa. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Anand Kumar|date=October 21, 2013|title=India emerging as a leading milk product exporter|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630165048/http://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|archive-date=June 30, 2015|accessdate=June 3, 2015|website=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2014 |title=Government scraps incentive on milk powder exports to check prices |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630120625/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |access-date=June 3, 2015 |work=Times of India |department=Economic Times |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> New Zealand, Germany na Netherlands hi vona va xavisaka (posaku) ngopfu switirhisiwa swa masi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Milk Exporting Countries|url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721184728/http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|archive-date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=July 3, 2019}}</ref> Vanhu va le xikarhi ka 750 na 900 wa timiliyoni va tshama emindyangwini leyi humelerisaku masi. <ref name="UNFAO-2010" />{{Reflist}}

* Angier, Natalie, [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/10/19/not-milk-spoiled-anne-mendelson/ "A hi Masi?"] (ku tsarisa ka laveka ) . (nxopaxopo wa Anne Mendelson, ''Spoiled: Ntsheketo wa Masi tanihi Swakudya leswikulu'', Columbia University Press, 2023, 396 pp.), ''The New York Review of Books'', vol. LXX, no. 16 (19 Khotavuxika 2023), matl. 36, 38–39. "Ku dyiwa ka masi ya homu [ma-Amerika] ku [...] fikelele nhlohlorhi hi 1945, loko [va] nwa xiringaniso xa makume mune-ntlhanu wa tilitara ha un'we. Hi 2001 ku dyiwa ka masi ka tiko hi munhu un'we a ku tsemiwile hi le xikarhi, ku ya eka makume mbirhi-nharhu wa tilitara, naswona hi 2021 nhlayo yi hunguteke ku ya eka khume-nhungu wa tilitara ta masi ntsena hi munhu, kumbe." 5.6 ounces hi siku... Lava rhangelaka... drop-off i swirho swa Generation Z : vanhu lava velekiweke endzhaku ka 1996... Exikarhi ka eco -conscious, antipathy eka masi ya masi yikulu swinene lerova mavhengele man’wana ya kofi ya xiyimo xale henhla ya titwa yanga boheki ku ma nyikela nikatsongo." (tl. 36.) .
* Dillon, John J. ''Makume ya nkombo ya malembe ya masi,: Matimu ya bindzu ra masi ra le New York'' (1941) .
* Innis, Harold A. (1937) ku vula ka yena. [[iarchive:dairyindustryinc0000inni|''Vumaki bya Masi eCanada'']] .
* Kardashian, Kirk, na yena. ''Mali ya Masi: Mali, Tihomu, na Rifu ra Purasi ra Masi ra le Amerika'' (2012)
* Kurlansky, Mark, na yena. ''Masi: Matimu ya Malembe ya 10,000'' (2019); nakambe yi kandziyisiwe tanihi ''Milk!'' '': A Fracas ya Swakudya ya Malembe ya 10,000'' (2019) .
*
*
*
* Smith-Howard, Kendra, na yena. ''Masi Yo Basa Ni Ya Manguva Lawa: Matimu Ya Ntivo-mbango Ku Sukela Hi 1900'' . (Nkandziyiso wa Yunivhesiti ya Oxford; 2013).
* Valenze, Debora, na yena . ''Masi: Matimu ya Ndhawu na ya Misava Hinkwayo'' (Yale University Press, 2011) 368 pp.
* Wiley, Andrea, na yena. ''Ku ehleketa nakambe hi Masi: Mavonelo ya Ndhavuko na Ntivo-vutomi'' (Routledge, 2010) (Nxaxamelo wa Dyondzo na Dyondzo yo Tumbuluxa eka Anthropology)

Chukele

2026-09-10T13:18:05Z

Created by translating the page "Sugar"

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 13:18, 10 Ndzhati 2026
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	Tinketani to leha ta ti sakharayidi ati tekiwi tani hi chukele, naswona ti vuriwa ti oligosakharayidi kumbe ti pholisakharayidi . Xitachi i pholima ya Glucose leyi kumekaka eka swimilani – xihlovo xotala swinene xa matimba eka swakudya leswi swi dyiwaka hi vanhu. Swilo swin’wana swa tikhemikhali, swofana na ethylene glycol, glycerol na sugar alcohols, swingava na nantswo wo tsokombela, kambe aswi hlayiwi tani hi chukele.		Tinketani to leha ta ti sakharayidi ati tekiwi tani hi chukele, naswona ti vuriwa ti oligosakharayidi kumbe ti pholisakharayidi . Xitachi i pholima ya Glucose leyi kumekaka eka swimilani – xihlovo xotala swinene xa matimba eka swakudya leswi swi dyiwaka hi vanhu. Swilo swin’wana swa tikhemikhali, swofana na ethylene glycol, glycerol na sugar alcohols, swingava na nantswo wo tsokombela, kambe aswi hlayiwi tani hi chukele.

			Chukele ri kumeka eka ti tissue ta swimilani swotala. Vulombe na mihandzu i swihlovo swotala swa ntumbuluko swa chukele ro olova. Sucrose yitala ngopfu eka [[Xikhovha xa chukele\|chukele]] na sugar beet, leswi endlaka leswaku switirha kahle eka ku humesiwa ka mabindzu kuva swi endla chukele leri antswisiweke. Hi 2016 vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo lebyi hlanganisiweke bya swibyariwa sweswo swimbirhi a byi ri kwalomu ka tibiliyoni timbirhi ta tithani . Maltose yinga endliwa hiku malting mavele. Lactose hi yona ntsena chukele leri nga humesiwiki eka swimilana, tanihi leswi ri kumekaka ntsena eka masi, ku katsa ni masi ya mavele ya munhu, ni le ka swilo swin’wana leswi endliweke hi masi . Xihlovo xo chipa xa chukele i corn syrup, leyi endliwaka hi ti indasitiri hiku hundzula starch ya mavele kuva chukele, kufana na maltose, fructose na glucose.

			Sucrose yitirhisiwa eka swakudya leswi lulamisiweke (xikombiso, ti cookies na makhekhe), yi cheriwa eka swakudya na swakunwa leswi xavisiwaka leswi lulamisiweke swinene, naswona yitirhisiwa tani hi sweetener eka swakudya (xikombiso, toast na cereal) na swakunwa (xikombiso, kofi na tiya). Emisaveni hinkwayo, hi xiringaniso, munhu u dya kwalomu ka {{Convert\|24\|kg}} ta chukele lembe na lembe. Vanhu va le Amerika N’walungu ni le Dzongeni va dya ku fika eka {{Convert\|50\|kg}}, naswona MaAfrika ma dya ehansi ka {{Convert\|20\|kg}} . <ref>{{Cite web\|date=2019\|title=OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020–2029 – Sugar\|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/Sugar.pdf\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417223937/http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/Sugar.pdf\|archive-date=17 April 2021\|accessdate=15 February 2021\|website=\|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref>{{Orexigenics}}

	* {{Cite book \|last=Barrett, Duncan \|date=2012 \|title=The Sugar Girls \|title-link=The Sugar Girls \|last2=Calvi, Nuala \|publisher=Collins \|isbn=978-0-00-744847-0}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Barrett, Duncan \|date=2012 \|title=The Sugar Girls \|title-link=The Sugar Girls \|last2=Calvi, Nuala \|publisher=Collins \|isbn=978-0-00-744847-0}}

Swihluvi swa mbulavulo

2026-09-10T11:42:29Z

Created by translating the page "Part of speech"

Tluka rintswa

Eka ririmi, '''xiphemu xa mbulavulo''' kumbe '''xiphemu-xa-mbulavulo''' ( lexi komisiweke tanihi '''POS''' kumbe '''PoS''', lexi tlhelaka xi tiviwa tanihi '''tlilasi ya marito''' <ref name="rijkhoff2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rijkhoff |first=Jan |year=2007 |title=Word Classes |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |publisher=Wiley |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=709–726 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00030.x |issn=1749-818X |s2cid=5404720}}</ref> kumbe '''xiyenge xa ririmi''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Payne |first=Thomas E. |date=1997 |title=Describing morphosyntax: a guide for field linguists |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780511805066 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> ) i xiyenge xa marito (kumbe, hi ku angarhela, ya swilo swa marito ) leswi nga na swihlawulekisi swa ririmi leswi fanaka. Marito lama averiweke eka xiphemu xin’we xa mbulavulo hi ntolovelo ya kombisa mahanyelo ya xivumbeko xo fana (ya tlanga swiphemu leswi fanaka endzeni ka xivumbeko xa ririmi ra swivulwa), mikarhi yin’wana mahanyelo ya xivumbeko lama fanaka ya hundza eka ku hundzuka ka swihlawulekisi leswi fanaka hambi ku ri mahanyelo ya nhlamuselo yo fana. Swiphemu swa mbulavulo [[Xinghezi|wa Xinghezi]] leswi xaxametiweke ngopfu i riviti, [[riendli]], rihlawuri ra riviti, rihlawuri ra riendli, risivi, vundhawu, rihlanganisi, rihlamari, nhlayo, na atikili.

Marito man’wana handle ka ''xiphemu xa mbulavulo'' —ngopfu-ngopfu eka ku hlawuriwa ka tindzimi ka manguva lawa, loku hakanyingi ku endlaka ku hambana loku kongomeke ku tlula xikimi xa ndhavuko—ma katsa '''ntlawa wa marito''', '''ntlawa wa lekizikali''' ni xiyenge xa '''marito''' . Vatsari van'wana va sivela rito ra ''xiyenge xa lekizikali'' ku kongomisa ntsena eka muxaka wo karhi wa xiyenge xa xivulwa ; eka vona rito leri ri susa swiphemu sweswo swa mbulavulo leswi tekiwaka tanihi marito ya ntirho, ku fana na maviti. '''Rito ra tlilasi ya''' xivumbeko na rona ra tirhisiwa, hambileswi leri ri nga na tinhlamuselo to hambana leti kanetanaka. Titlilasi ta marito ti nga ha hlayiwa tanihi leti pfulekeke kumbe leti pfalekeke : ''titlilasi leti pfulekeke'' (hi ntolovelo ti katsa maviti, maendli na mahlamari ya maviti) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa nkarhi hinkwawo, kasi ''titlilasi leti pfalekeke'' (ku fana na maviti na swihlanganisi) ti kuma swirho leswintshwa hi xiwelo, loko swi kuma ni ka ntsongo.

Kwalomu ka tindzimi hinkwato ti na titlilasi ta marito, riviti na riendli, kambe ku tlula leswi swimbirhi ku na ku hambana lokukulu exikarhi ka tindzimi to hambana hambana. <ref name="Krueger 2005 35">{{Cite book |last=Krueger |first=Paul |year=2005 |title=Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01653-7 |location=Cambridge |pages=35}}</ref> Xikombiso:

* Xijapani xi ni mintlawa yo ringana yinharhu ya swihlawulekisi, laha [[Xinghezi]] xi nga ni xin’we.
* Xichayina, Xikorea, Xijapani na Xivietnam swi na ntlawa wa swihlawulekisi swa mavito .
* Tindzimi to tala a ti hambanisi exikarhi ka mahlawuri ya maviti na mahlawuri ya maendli, kumbe exikarhi ka swihlawulekisi swa maviti na maendli (vona riendli ra xiyimo ).

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==

*
* [https://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/the-parts-of-speech The parts of speech] Archived 2019-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
* {{Cite web|title=Guide to Grammar and Writing|url=http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111935/http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/|archive-date=9 October 2018}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912045001/http://email.eva.mpg.de/~haspelmt/2001wcl.pdf Martin Haspelmath. 2001. "Word Classes and Parts of Speech." In: Baltes, Paul B. & Smelser, Neil J. (eds.) ''International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences''. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 16538–16545.] (PDF)

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Tshwane Yunivhesiti ya Thekinoloji Khamphasi ya Soshanguve.

2026-09-10T08:05:50Z

Created by translating the page "Tshwane University of Technology Soshanguve Campus"

Tluka rintswa

Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) yi fambisa tikhamphasi to tala eAfrika Dzonga, naswona tikhamphasi ta Soshanguve ti avanyisiwe hi tindhawu timbirhi letikulu: Soshanguve South na Soshanguve North. Hinkwaswo i swiphemu xa nhlohlotelo wa TUT ePitori naswona swi endla ntirho wa nkoka eku pfuneni ka swichudeni leswi humaka en'walungwini wa Tshwane.

The '''Soshanguve South Campus i yin'wana ya kaye ya tidyondzo''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tshwane University of Technology|url=https://dutchculture.nl/en/location/tshwane-university-technology|accessdate=2026-02-26|website=dutchculture.nl|language=en}}</ref> eTshwane University of Technology (TUT). South campus is located on Aubrey Matlala Street in Soshanguve, north of [[Pitori|Pretoria]] with a focus on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Humanities. As part of South Africa's largest residential university, South campus plays a vital role in multilingual setting, providing quality higher education and expanding access to learning opportunities within the [[Gauteng|Gauteng province.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Tshwane University of Technology|url=https://www.tut.ac.za/about/|accessdate=25 February 2026|website=Tshwane University of Technology|publisher=Tshwane University of Technology}}</ref>

[[Hendrik Makitini Nkuna]] a a ri xichudeni lexi a xi lwela ku va kona<ref>{{Cite web|last=Opinion|date=2024-08-14|title=Nkuna's legacy continues to broach the question of the historicity of student activism|url=https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/opinion/2024-08-14-nkunas-legacy-continues-to-broach-the-question-of-the-historicity-of-student-activism/|accessdate=2026-02-26|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref> lexi a xi duvuriwile xi tlhela xi dlayiwa hi maphorisa hi nkarhi wa ku vilela ka 1984 hi ku nghenisiwa ka swidyondzeki ni ku yimeriwa ka swichudeni hi xidemokirasi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Technology|first=Tshwane University of|title=Rest in Power, Nkuna: Honouring a legacy of student struggle and socio-economic justice|url=https://www.tut.ac.za/newsroom/all-news/2025/rest-in-power-nkuna-honouring-a-legacy-of-student-struggle-and-socio-economic-justice.php|accessdate=2026-03-02|website=Tshwane University of Technology|language=en}}</ref> Xifaniso xa Soshanguve South Campus, xi tsundzuxa ku hoxa xandla ka Nkuna eka nyimpi ya swichudeni hi swiendlakalo swa xitsundzuxo ta mani na mani. Leswi swi endleriwe ku hoxa xandla eka mabulo lama anameke mayelana na matimu ya ku lwela ka swichudeni swa Afrika Dzonga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moatshe|first=Rapula|date=1983-06-07|title=Late student activist Matikweni honoured at TUT for fight against academic exclusion|url=https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2024-07-08-late-student-activist-matikweni-honoured-at-tut-for-fight-against-academic-exclusion/|accessdate=2026-02-26|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|date=2024-09-04|title=It's time to honour South Africa's forgotten Black student leaders|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/its-time-honour-south-africas-forgotten-black-student-leaders|accessdate=2026-02-26|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref>

Eka campus ya le N'walungwini, swichudeni swi nga landzelela tidyondzo na vuleteri lebyi kongomisiweke eka mintirho ya vutshila eka dyondzo, mbulavurisano na swiyenge leswi yelanaka. Campus yi seketela ku dyondza hi tiholo ta tidyondzo, miako ya layiburari, na vukorhokeri bya nseketelo wa swichudeni lebyi tolovelekeke eka tindhawu to fana na TUT.

Draft3

2026-09-10T06:09:48Z

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			Ribye

	'''Ribye''' i swilo leswi tiyeke swa ntumbuluko leswi vumbiwaka hi minerali yin'we kumbe ku hundza. Ma vumbiwa hi maendlelo ya ntumbuluko ya swa misava eka nkarhi wo leha swinene. Ribye i xinw'ana xa swilo swa khale swinene leswi vanhu va swi tirhiseke ku aka , ku endla switirhisiwa, swifaniso na switsundzuxo.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Winkler \|first=E.M \|year=1997 \|title=Stonr in Architecture:Properties, Durability \|edition=3rd}}</ref>		'''Ribye''' i swilo leswi tiyeke swa ntumbuluko leswi vumbiwaka hi minerali yin'we kumbe ku hundza. Ma vumbiwa hi maendlelo ya ntumbuluko ya swa misava eka nkarhi wo leha swinene. Ribye i xinw'ana xa swilo swa khale swinene leswi vanhu va swi tirhiseke ku aka , ku endla switirhisiwa, swifaniso na switsundzuxo.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Winkler \|first=E.M \|year=1997 \|title=Stonr in Architecture:Properties, Durability \|edition=3rd}}</ref>

Ntila 37:		Ntila 39:
	Ribye i ra nkoka hikuva hi ntolovelo ri tiyile, ri hlawulekile naswona ri kumeka hi ntumbuluko. Maribye man'wana ma nga kota ku hanya madzana kumbe magidi ya malembe loko mahlawuriwile kahle naswona ma hlayisiwa. Hambiswiritano ku cela ribye emigodini ku ri fambisa ni ku ri lulamisa swi nga va ni mbuyelo eka mbango. Hikokwalaho i swa nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni laha ribye ri humaka kona ni ndlela leyi ri humesiwaka ni ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Langer \|first=W.H. \|year=2001 \|title=Dimension Stone}}</ref>		Ribye i ra nkoka hikuva hi ntolovelo ri tiyile, ri hlawulekile naswona ri kumeka hi ntumbuluko. Maribye man'wana ma nga kota ku hanya madzana kumbe magidi ya malembe loko mahlawuriwile kahle naswona ma hlayisiwa. Hambiswiritano ku cela ribye emigodini ku ri fambisa ni ku ri lulamisa swi nga va ni mbuyelo eka mbango. Hikokwalaho i swa nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni laha ribye ri humaka kona ni ndlela leyi ri humesiwaka ni ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Langer \|first=W.H. \|year=2001 \|title=Dimension Stone}}</ref>
	[[File:Giant Marbles in Joshua Tree National Park.jpg\|thumb\|I xifanisa le xi kombisaka maribye ya [[marble]]]]'''Swikombo'''		[[File:Giant Marbles in Joshua Tree National Park.jpg\|thumb\|I xifanisa le xi kombisaka maribye ya [[marble]]]]'''Swikombo'''
	<references />		<references />{{DEFAULTSORT:Ribye}}
	[[Category:Ribye]]		[[Category:Ribye]]
			[[Category:Ntumbuluko]]

Template:Tsipedia/styles.css

2026-09-09T19:58:49Z

added

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User:PookieM

2026-09-09T19:39:40Z

added another draft

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	[[Draft 5]] - [[Draft 6]]		[[Draft 5]] - [[Draft 6]]

	[[Draft 7]]		[[Draft 7]] - [[Draft 8]]

			[[Draft 9]]

Draft 7

2026-09-09T19:34:44Z

Ndzi lulamise nhlokomhaka

Tluka rintswa

'''TINDLUWA'''

Xana Tindluwa i yini?

Tidluwa hi Xitsonga, hi Xinghezi va ri vitana Bambara groundnuts kumbe Jugo beans.Vito ra xisayense i Vigna subterranea. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Tan |first=Xin Lin |last2=Azam-Ali |first2=Susan |last3=Goh |first3=Ee Von |last4=Mustafa |first4=Maysoun |last5=Chai |first5=Hui Hui |last6=Ho |first6=Wai Kuan |last7=Mayes |first7=Sean |last8=Mabhaudhi |first8=Tafadzwanashe |last9=Azam-Ali |first9=Sayed |last10=Massawe |first10=Festo |date=2020-12-10 |title=Bambara Groundnut: An Underutilized Leguminous Crop for Global Food Security and Nutrition |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.601496/full |journal=Frontiers in Nutrition |language=English |publisher=Frontiers |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2020.601496 |issn=2296-861X}}</ref>A hi timanga I tinyawa ta khale ta Afrika leti milaka ehansi ka misava. I swakudya swa vunharhu hi nkoka Afrika leyi omeke, endzhaku ka timanga na tinyawa.ELimpopo, ngopfu-ngopfu eGiyani, Malamulele na le ribyeni ra Letaba, vanhu va byala tidluwa khale ka khale hikuva ti tiyisela ku oma na misava ya chava.Hi tindzimi tin'wana swi vuriwa,Sepedi-Dinawa,Tshivenda-Phonda, Zulu-Indlubu.Xivumbeko na muvala ,ximilana xa tidluwa a xi lehi xi kula ntsena 25cm ku fika 37cm xi fana na matluka lama hahlekeke ehansi, na mitsotso leyi khinsamaka emisaveni.Mihandzu hileswaku Xikwama xi rhendzerile, xi kwetsimile, xi ringana 2.5cm.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bambara Nut|url=https://www.livingseeds.co.za/bambara-nut.html|accessdate=2026-09-09|website=www.livingseeds.co.za}}</ref>Endzeni ka xikwama ku na mbewu 1 ku fika eka 2.Mbewu yi leha 8.5mm ku fika 15mm.Yi tiyile swinene loko yi omile.Mivala yi hambanile: yo basa, ya ribungu ro vevuka, ro nona, yo tshwuka, yo ntima, ya mihlovo yo hlangana, kumbe yo basa yi ri na tihlo ra ntima.Hikwalaho loko u xava tidluwa emakete u vona mihlovo yo tala yo hambanahambana, ku nga ri muvala wun'we ntsena ku fana na timanga.

Swi kula njani ? Va sungula Ku byala Varimi va byala endzhaku ka mpfula yo sungula. Ti lava misava yo olova ya nchava, dyambu ra ku vonakala, na mpfula yo ringana. Matluka Na Swiluva: Endzhaku ka masiku ya 40 ku fika 60, ku huma swiluva switsongo swa muvala wa yellow ehansi ka ximila. Ku nghena emisaveni: Loko swiluva swi tshovekile, xikokovi xa swiluva xi korhama xi nghena ehansi ka misava. Mihandzu yi kula ehansi ka misava, a hi henhla. Hikwalaho va xi vitana earth pea. Ku vupfa nkarhi hinkwawo ku suka eku byaleni ku fika eku tshoveni i masiku ya 90 ku fika 170.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Bambara Groundnut, Indigenous Grains of South Africa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/bambara-groundnut.html|accessdate=2026-09-09|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> Loko matluka ma sungula ku tshuka ma wela, swi komba leswaku tidluwa ti vupfile. Varimi va hlomola ximila hinkwaxo.Ku omisa: Swikwama swi omisiwa ku kondza ti omile kahle.Hi Swi Dya Njhani? Tidluwa ti na carbohydrate na protein yo tala. U nga ti sweka na munyu loko ti ha ri timbisi u dya tanihi snack.Leswi omeke u nga ti sweka nkarhi wo leha ku kondza ti olova. U nga ti kandza u endla mapa yo baka xinkwa kumbe porridge.Matluka ya yona ya tirhisiwa ku dyisa tihomu, na ximila xi tlhela xi endla leswaku misava yi va na manyoro yo antswa ya rixaka ra nitrogen.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Souza|first=Hugo Francisco de|date=2026-04-06|title=What Are the Health Benefits of Bambara Groundnut?|url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Are-the-Health-Benefits-of-Bambara-Groundnut.aspx|accessdate=2026-09-09|website=News-Medical|language=en}}</ref>

Reference

<ref name=":0" />

<ref name=":1" />

<ref name=":2" />

<ref name=":3" />

User:PookieM

2026-09-09T18:44:17Z

added another draft

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	[[Draft 3]] - [[Draft 4]]		[[Draft 3]] - [[Draft 4]]

	[[Draft 5]]		[[Draft 5]] - [[Draft 6]]

			[[Draft 7]]

Draft 6

2026-09-09T17:47:34Z

ndzi lunghise dlela ya matsalelwa

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 17:47, 9 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 1:		Ntila 1:
	'''NWAMANUKO DAM / MIDDEL LETABA DAM'''		'''NWAMANUKO DAM / MIDDEL LETABA DAM'''

Chukele

2026-09-09T14:34:08Z

Created by translating the page "Sugar"

Tluka rintswa

[[File:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb| Machukele (hi tlhelo ra wachi kusuka ehenhla-ximatsi): chukele ro basa leri antswisiweke, leri nga antswisiwangiki, ra buraweni, leri nga lulamisiwangiki ra chukele ra nhonga]]
'''Chukele''' i muxaka lowu nandzihaka wati khabohayidireti, leti n’okaka, leti taku tala ta tona ti tirhisiwaka eka swakudya. Chukele ro olova, leri nakambe ri vuriwaka ti-monosakharayidi, ri katsa (glucose, fructose na galactose) . Chukele leri hlanganisiweke, leri nakambe ri vuriwaka ti- dayisakharayidikumbe chukele leri phindhiweke kambirhi, i timolekhuli leti endliweke hi ti- monosakharayidi timbirhi leti hlanganisiweke ; swikombiso leswi tolovelekeke i sukurosi (glucose + fructose), lakithosi (glucose + galactose) na maltose (timolekhuli timbirhi ta glucose). Chukele ro basa ri lava ku va sukurosi yo basa. Hi nkarhi wa ku gayela, chukele leri hlanganisiweke ri olovisiweke/gayiweke kuva chukele ro olova.

Tinketani to leha ta ti sakharayidi ati tekiwi tani hi chukele, naswona ti vuriwa ti oligosakharayidi kumbe ti pholisakharayidi . Xitachi i pholima ya Glucose leyi kumekaka eka swimilani – xihlovo xotala swinene xa matimba eka swakudya leswi swi dyiwaka hi vanhu. Swilo swin’wana swa tikhemikhali, swofana na ethylene glycol, glycerol na sugar alcohols, swingava na nantswo wo tsokombela, kambe aswi hlayiwi tani hi chukele.

* {{Cite book |last=Barrett, Duncan |date=2012 |title=The Sugar Girls |title-link=The Sugar Girls |last2=Calvi, Nuala |publisher=Collins |isbn=978-0-00-744847-0}}
* Frankopan, Peter, ''The Silk Roads: A New History of the World'', 2016, Bloomsbury,
* {{Cite web|last=Saulo, Aurora A.|date=March 2005|title=Sugars and Sweeteners in Foods|url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/FST-16.pdf|publisher=[[College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources]]}}
* Strong, Roy (2002), ''Feast: A History of Grand Eating'', Jonathan Cape,

* Draft 7

2026-09-09T11:24:43Z

I JUST INSERT A PICTURE

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			[[File:School kids in Hyderabad.jpg\|thumb\|'''VANA VA XIKOLO''']]
	'''Vana va xikolo'''		'''Vana va xikolo'''

			'''Vana va xikolo''' i vumundzuku bya tiko ra hina ra Afrika-Dzonga. Vana lava va ha dyondzaka eka swikolo swa le hansi ni swa le henhla. Va pfuka hi nimixo va ambala yunifomo ya xikolo va ya dyondza<ref>dyondzo yina nkoka</ref>. Exikolweni va dyondza ku hlaya, ku tsala ni ku hlayela hi vutlhari. Vadyondzisi va dyondzisa hi rirhandzu leswaku va hluvuka. Vana va xikolo va tisa ku tshemba lokuntshwa eka rixaka hinkwaro. Hi fanele ku va seketela hi matimba hinkwawo<ref>vana va xikolo va fanele ku seketeriwa</ref>.

			Vutomi bya vana va xikolo a byi olovi minkarhi hinkwayo, byi na mintlhontlho yo tala. Vana vo tala va famba mpfhuka yo leha hi milenge ku ya xikolweni. Van'wana va dyondza va nga dyangi hikuva ekaya ku hava swakudya<ref>Dyondzo i xitlhaku xa vutomi</ref>. Ku na vana lava pfumalaka tibuku, tiyunifomo ni switirhisiwa swa xikolo. Hambiswiritano vana lava va tiyisela va ya dyondza siku hinkwasiku. Va tiva leswaku dyondzo ntsena yi nga va humesa evusiwaneni. Ku tiyisela ka vona ku hi dyondzisa vutlhari lebyikulu.

			Dyondzo leyi vana va xikolo va yi kumaka yi na nkoka lowukulu swinene evuton'wini. Dyondzo yi pfula miehleketo ya vona yi va endla va tlhariha. Yi va dyondzisa ku xixima van'wana ni ku tirhisana hi rirhandzu. Exikolweni vana va dyondza vutivi bya Tinhlayo, Sayense, Xitsonga ni Xinghezi. Vutivi lebyi byi va lunghiselela ku kuma mitirho leyinene endzhaku ka xikolo. Vana lava dyondzekeke va kota ku aka tiko ro antswa. Dyondzo i xikhiye lexi pfulaka rivanti ra vumundzuku byo voninga.<ref>Vana va fanele ku kondleteriwa va nghena xikolo</ref>

			Hi fanele ku hlayisa ni ku seketela vana va xikolo hi tindlela hinkwato. Vatswari va fanele ku va pfuna hi ku va endlela ndhawu yo dyondzela ekaya. Mfumo wu fanele ku aka swikolo swo tala swo saseka ni ku nyika swakudya swa mahala. Rixaka hinkwaro ri fanele ku yirisa ku xanisa vana ni ku va tirhisa hi ndlela yo biha. Loko hi hlayisa vana va xikolo namuntlha, hi hlayisa tiko ra mundzuku. Vana va xikolo va fanele ku rhandziwa, ku xiximiwa ni ku nyikiwa nkarhi wo tlanga. Hikuva vana va xikolo va tiko, tiko ra vona ri ta va ra ku voninga.<ref>xikolo xi hluvukisi vana vo tala</ref>

			== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
			<references />

* Draft 7

2026-09-09T11:13:42Z

i have created a topic of draft 7

Tluka rintswa

'''Vana va xikolo'''

* Draft 6

2026-09-09T11:09:50Z

I JUST INSERT A PICTURE

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			[[File:Gyedong-gil street with climbing plants at golden hour in Seoul South Korea.jpg\|thumb\|'''XITARATA''']]
	'''XITARATA'''		'''XITARATA'''

			'''XITARATA''' i gondzo lerikulu leri akiweke hi tar, simende ni maribye<ref>{{Cite book \|last=NYATHI \|first=G \|date=1989 \|title=Swi tirhisiwa swo endla xitara}}</ref>. Ri akiwa hi mfumo leswaku ri hlanganisa madoroba ni swiganga. Xitarata xi endla leswaku mimovha yi famba hi ku olova ni ku hatlisa. Handle ka xitarata a ku nge vi na ku famba ka mimovha. Xitarata lexinene xi pfuna tiko ri hluvuka hi ikhonomi. Hi fanele ku hlayisa switarata swa hina.
	'''XITARATA'''

			Xitarata xi na nkoka lowukulu eka vutomi bya vanhu hinkwavo<ref>{{Cite book \|last=MALULEKE \|first=HE \|date=1992 \|title=Nkoka wa switarata}}</ref>. Vana va xikolo va tirhisa xitarata ku ya xikolweni hi bazi. Vatirhi va ya entirhweni hi xitarata siku hinkwasiku. Varimi va rhwala mavele ni mirho ya vona hi xitarata va ya emakete. Xitarata xi hunguta nkarhi wo famba ku suka eka ndhawu yin'wana ku ya eka yin'wana. Xi tlhela xi hunguta tinghozi loko xi akiwile kahle.

			Ku aka xitarata swi lava mali yo tala ni vatirhi vo tala<ref>{{Cite book \|last=MAHUTSI \|first=VEN \|title=Ku xava switirhisiwa swo endla xitarata}}</ref>. Vayengi va sungula hi ku pima misava va tlhela va chela maribye. Endzhaku va chela tar yo hisa va yi ringanisa hi muchini lowukulu. Xitarata xi fanele ku tiya leswaku xi nga hahluki hi mpfula. Loko ku na makhele mfumo wu rhumela vatirhi ku ya lulamisa. Ntwanano wa ku hlayisa xitarata wu teka nkarhi wo leha.

			Hi fanele ku tirhisa xitarata hi vukheta ni vutihlamuleri. Vachayeri va fanele ku landzelela swikoweto swa le patwini leswaku ku nga vi na nghozi. Hi nga tshiki hi celi thyaka eka xitarata hikuva xi thyakisa mbango. Vana a va fanelangi ku tlanga exitarateni hikuva swi na khombo. Xitarata lexinene xi kombisa leswaku tiko ra hluvuka. Loko hi hlayisa xitarata, hi hlayisa vutomi bya hina hinkwavo.<ref>ku saseka ka xitarata</ref>

			== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
			<references />

* Draft 6

2026-09-09T10:57:11Z

I JUST CREATED A TOPIC

Tluka rintswa

'''XITARATA'''

'''XITARATA'''

* Draft 5

2026-09-09T10:51:53Z

I HAVE CREATED A PICTURE

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			[[File:Historical instruments.jpg\|thumb\|'''NGOMA''']]
	'''NGOMA'''		'''NGOMA'''


			'''Ngoma''' i xin'wana xa switirhisiwa swa vuyimbeleri swa khale swinene eka Vatsonga. Ngoma yi endliwa hi mapulanga yo tiya ni ndzovo ya homu leyi tshwutsiweke. Yi endliwa hi voko hi vavanuna lava nga ni vutivi bya ku endla tingoma<ref>tingoma</ref>. Mpfumawulo wa ngoma wu twala kule swinene loko yi biwa. Ngoma yi tirhisiwa eka mikhosi yo tala ya ndhavuko. Hi fanele ku hlayisa vutivi bya ku endla ngoma.

			Eka ndhavuko wa Vatsonga ngoma yi na ntirho lowukulu swinene evuton'wini bya siku hinkwasiku. Loko ngoma yi biwa vanhu va twa leswaku ku na nkhuvo kumbe mhaka leyikulu. Eka mitshino ya xintu ku fana na xibelani ni makhwaya<ref>mincino ya vatsonga</ref> ngoma ya biwa vanhu va bina. Ngoma yi tlhela yi tirhisiwa ku vitana vanhu eka hlengeletano ya hosi. Nkarhi wa ku khongela mpfula tingoma to tala ta biwa. Mpfumawulo wa ngoma wu pfuxa moya wa ku tsaka ni vun'we.

			Ku na tinxaka to hambana hambana ta tingoma eka Vatsonga. Ku na ngoma leyikulu ya varhoma leyi vitaniwaka gulu<ref>Tinxaka ta ti ngoma</ref>, yi biwa hi majaha ntsena. Ku na ngoma leyitsongo leyi biwaka hi vamanana eka mitshino ya vavasati. Tin'wana tingoma ti biwa hi swandla, tin'wana ti biwa hi tinhonga to tiya. Ngoma yin'wana na yin'wana yi na mpfumawulo wa yona lowu hlawulekeke. Vutivi bya ku ba ngoma byi dyondzisiwa ku suka eka vatswari ku ya eka vana.

			Namuntlha ndhavuko<ref>tingoma ti famba kunwe na ndhavuko</ref> wa ngoma wu le khombyeni yo lahleka hikuva vantshwa va rhandza thekinoloji. Vana vo tala a va ha tivi ku ba ngoma kumbe ku yina loko yi biwa. Loko hi yirisa ngoma ndhavuko wa hina hinkwawo wu ta lahleka hilaha ku heriki. Hi fanele ku dyondzisa vana exikolweni ni le kaya ku ba ngoma ni ku yina. Ku hlayisa ngoma i ku hlayisa vutivi, rirhandzu ni vun'we bya Vatsonga.

			== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
			<references />

* Draft 5

2026-09-09T10:39:52Z

I have created a topic

Tluka rintswa

'''NGOMA'''

Ntanga wa vana lava nga riki na vatswari

2026-09-09T09:59:06Z

Created by translating the page "Orphanage"

Tluka rintswa

'''Ndhawu ya [[N'wana|vana]] lava nga riki na vatswari''' i ndhawu yo tshama eka yona, ndhawu yo tshama kumbe kaya ra ntlawa leri tinyiketeleke ku hlayisa vana lava nga ri ku ni vatswari, hikwalaho ka swivangelo swo hambana-hambana, va nga ta ka va nga hlayisiwi hi mindyangu ya vona ya ntumbuluko. Vatswari va nga ha va va hundze emisaveni, va nga ri kona kumbe va xanisiwa. Ku nga ha va ni ku tirhisiwa ka swidzidziharisi kumbe vuvabyi bya miehleketo ekaya, kumbe mutswari a nga ha swi lavi ku hlayisa n'wana. Vutihlamuleri bya le nawini bya nseketelo wa vana lava lahliweke byi hambana exikarhi ka matiko. Tindhawu ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari leti fambisiwaka hi mfumo ti herisiwile eka matiko yo tala lama hluvukeke eka hafu yo hetelela ya lembe-xidzana ra vu-20 kambe ti ya emahlweni ti tirha eka tindhawu tin'wana to tala emisaveni hinkwayo. Sweswo swa amukeriwa hi ku angarhela leswaku tindlu ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari ti ni khombo eka rihanyo ra mintlhaveko ra vana, naswona nseketelo wa mfumo wu ya eka nseketelo wo seketela ndyangu.

Tinhlengeletano ti nga ri tingani letikulu ta misava hinkwayo ti ya emahlweni ti seketela tiyindlu ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari, kambe to tala ta tona ta ha sunguriwa hi tinhlengeletano letintsongo ta vanhu lava nga riki va vatswari na mintlawa ya vukhongeri. Ngopfu-ngopfu ematikweni lama hluvukaka, tiyindlu ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari ti nga ha hlasela mindyangu leyi nga ekhombyeni ro onhaka naswona ti nga ha thola vana leswaku ti ya emahlweni ti seketeriwa. Tindhawu ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari ematikweni lama hluvukaka a ti tali ku fambisiwa hi mfumo.<ref name="spectator1">{{Cite web|date=8 October 2011|title=How to fix orphanages|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/7289558/how-to-fix-orphanages.thtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015081723/http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/7289558/how-to-fix-orphanages.thtml|archive-date=15 October 2011|accessdate=17 October 2011|website=The Spectator|location=UK}}</ref> Tindhawu leti nga riki ni vatswari ta le Xiromania, ku fana ni leti nga eBucharest, ti simekiwe hikwalaho ka ku engeteleka ka nhlayo ya vaaka-tiko loku hlohloteriweke hi mufumi wa tihanyi Nicolae Ceaușescu, loyi a yiriseke ku susa khwiri ni ku lawula ku veleka ni ku khutaza ku veleka leswaku ku engeteriwa vatirhi va le Romanian.

Tindhawu to tshama eka tona ta vana, leti nakambe ti hlamuseriwaka tanihi nhlayiso wa vandla, ti katsa makaya ya ntlawa, tindhawu to tshama eka ta nhlayiso ya vana, tiyindlu ta vana, tindhawu to tumbela eka tona, tindhawu to vuyela eka tona, tiyindlu to tumbela nivusiku ni tindhawu to tshungula vantshwa.

Varhoma va vumbe tiyindlu ta vona to sungula ta vana lava nga riki na vatswari kwalomu ka 400 AD. Nawu wa Xiyuda a wu lerisa ku hlayisa n'wana la nga riki na vatswari, naswona nawu wa le Atena a wu seketela vana hinkwavo lava nga riki na vana lava dlayiweke entirhweni wa vusocha ku fikela loko va ri ni malembe ya 18. Hi ndlela leyi fanaka, Plato (Laws, 927) u ri: "Vana lava nga riki na vatswari va fanele ku vekiwa ehansi ka hlayiso wa vahlayisi va tiko. Vanhu va fanele ku chava xivundza xa vana lava nga riki va vatswari ni mimoya ya vatswari va vona lava hundeke emisaveni. Wanuna u fanele ku rhandza n'wana la nga ni khombo loyi a nga muhlayisi wa yena ku fana ni n'wana wa yena n'wini. U fanele ku va ni vuxiyaxiya ni ku fambisa nhundzu ya n'wana loyi a nga riki na yena n'wana ku fana na yena.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11322b.htm}}</ref> {{Reflist}}

== Tinhlamuselo ==

* Draft 4

2026-09-09T09:48:13Z

i have insert the image

Tluka rintswa

'''XIRHAMI'''
[[File:Вниз по Черемошу.jpg|thumb|'''Xirhami''']]
'''Xirhami''' i yin'wana ya tinguva ta mune ta lembe leti kumekaka eAfrika-Dzonga<ref>{{Cite news |last=LUSAKA |first=HG |date=1999 |title=Ta maxelo}}</ref>. Nkarhi lowu wu sungula hi n'hweti ya Nhlangula ku fikela Mawuwani. Hi nkarhi lowu wa lembe maxelo ya titimela swinene ku tlula tinguva tin'wana hinkwato. Mixo ya va yo titimela naswona dyambu a ri vonaki ngopfu ematilweni. Mapapa yo tshwuka ya tala etilweni kutani mpfula leyi naka ya titimela. Moya lowu hungaka hi xirhami wa chavisa hikuva wu chavisa miri wa munhu. Vanhu vo tala a va tsakeli ku huma endlwini hikuva ka titimela. Tinguva leyi yi tisa ku tika eka vutomi bya vanhu ni swiharhi. Xirhami xi endla leswaku vutomi byi famba hi ku nonoka.

Eka nkarhi wa xirhami vanhu va fanele ku ambala swiambalo swo kufumela leswaku miri ya vona wu tshama wu hisile. Vanhu va ambala tijesi<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nathi |first=SP |date=1996 |title=Swiambalo leswi mbariwaka loko kuri na xirhami}}</ref> leto tiya leti endliweke hi voya, va ambala majekete yo leha yo sirhelela miri hinkwawo. Etilokweni va ambala swigwaxa swo kufumela ni swikipa swa mavoko leswaku mavoko ya nga titimeli. Endlwini ndyangu wu hlengeletana ekusuhi ni ndzilo wa tihunyi leswaku va kuma kuhisa. Ndzilo lowu wu endla yindlu yi va yo kufumala ni yo tsakisa. Vanhu va rhandza ku nwa swin'weso swo hisa ku fana na tiya, kofi ni sopo yo hisa. Vana lavatsongo a va pfumeleriwi ku tlanga handle hikuva va nga khomi hi mafuwa. Swikolo swin'wana swa pfalela loko xirhami xi tlula mpimo. Leswi hinkwaswo swi endliwa ku hlayisa rihanyu ra vanhu.

Xirhami xi na nkucetelo lowukulu eka ntumbuluko ni eka swiharhi hinkwaswo. Swimila swo tala swa fa hikuva byanyi bya oma, matluka ya mirhi ya wa ya file ehansi. Masimu ya varimi ya va ma file handle ka nchumu, a ku na leswi byariwaka hi nkarhi lowu. Swiharhi swa le nhoveni swi lava tindhawu to kufumela leswaku swi tisirhelela eka xirhami. Tihomu ni timbuti ti tshama ekusuhi ni tindlu ta vanhu ti lava kuhisa. Tinxaka tin'wana ta swinyenyana<ref>swinyenyani la swirhurhelaku kona loko kuri na xirhami</ref> ti rhurhela ematikweni yo hisa ti baleka xirhami. Madamu ni milambu ya hunguteka hikuva mpfula a yi na ngopfu hi xirhami. Loko xirhami xi tika swinene xi tisa ndlala ni ku pfumaleka ka mati yo basa. Hikwalaho xirhami xi nga va nkarhi wa khombo eka rixaka.

Hambileswi xirhami xi tikaka, xi tlhela xi hela kutani ku ta nkarhi wa ximumu. Malembe ya famba hi ku rhendzeleka, ku na tinguva ta mune ku nga ximumu, xirimo, xirhami ni xixika. Endzhaku ka xirhami ku vuya ku rula lokukulu ka ximumu lexi tisa ku tsaka eka vanhu. Leswi swi hi dyondzisa leswaku evuton'wini ku hava xilo lexi tshamaka hilaha ku heriki, swilo hinkwaswo swa hundza. Hi fanele ku tiyisela ni ku hlayisana hi nkarhi wa xirhami leswaku hi nga vabyi. Munhu u fanele ku ambala kahle, ku dya swakudya leswi hanyisaka miri ni ku nwa mati yo tala. Ku hlayisa rihanyu hi nkarhi wa xirhami i swa nkoka swinene eka munhu un'wana na un'wana. Xirhami hikwalaho xi hi dyondzisa vutihlamuleri, ku tiyisela ni ku tshemba leswaku vumundzuku<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baloyi |first=V |date=2000 |title=Xirhami xa vuyerisa}}</ref> byo saseka byi ta vuya.

== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
<references />

* Draft 3

2026-09-09T09:16:48Z

i have insert the image

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 09:16, 9 Ndzhati 2026
Ntila 1:		Ntila 1:
	'''TAFULA'''		'''TAFULA'''
			[[File:Furniture exhibits in Masfurniture, Hunsur (1).jpg\|alt=Tafula\|thumb\|'''Tafula''']]


			'''Tafula''' i mpahla ra le kaya lowu nga na tlhelo ra le henhla leri tiyeke na milenge leyi yi rhombexaka. Yi endliwa hi mapulanga, nsimbhi, kumbe gilasi<ref>gilasi</ref>. Tafula ri tirhisiwa ku veka swakudya, tibuku, maphepha, ni swilo swin'wana swa siku na siku. Eka mindyangu, thefula yi vekiwa eka kamara yo dya laha ndyangu wu hlanganelaka ku dya swakudya swa masihan'wani.

			Tafula ra le xikolweni yi na nkoka swinene eka dyondzo<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kasoma \|first=FP \|date=1996 \|title=Dyondzo}}</ref>. Vadyondzi va tirhisa thefula ku tsala, ku hlaya, ni ku endla tidyondzo ta vona. Thefula yi pfuna ku endla leswaku vadyondzi va va ni ndhawu yo hanya kahle. Tafula ro tanana yi vekiwaka eka yunivhesiti ku pfuna vadyondzi lava tshamaka va dya kumbe va hlaya.Ku hlayisa thefula ku lava ku yi hlengeleta hi siku na siku. Thefula ya mapulanga yi fanerile ku pfuliwa hi misiha yo tiyeka ku endla leswaku yi nga onhi. Thefula ya galasi yi fanerile ku hlengeletiwa hi ndlela yo kuma leswaku yi nga tshwini. Tafula leri hlayisekeke yi nga tshama malembe yo tala. Tafula ri tlhela yi va ndhawu yo veka swilo swo saseka ku fana na tifula kumbe swifaniso.

			Tafula i xikombiso xa vun'we ni ku hlangana. Loko ndyangu wu tshama eka tafula, va hlangana, va vulavula, va dya, va hanya. Tafula yi hi dyondzisa leswaku ku hlangana i nkoka. Ku nga ri na tafula, ku dya swi va swa mpfumawulo<ref>{{Cite book \|last=khosa \|first=E \|date=2026 \|title=Mpfumawulo}}</ref>. Tafula yi hi tsundzuxa leswaku vutomi byi lava ku va ni ndhawu yo hanya kahle ni ku hlangana na van'wana.

			== Swihlovo leswi tirhisiweke ==
			<references />

Draft3

2026-09-09T09:07:57Z

added a category

← Ndzulamiso wakhale		Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 09:07, 9 Ndzhati 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Ntila 10:		Ntila 10:

	Maendlelo lawa ma hlanganile eka leswi vitaniwaka rock cycle laha maribye ma nga cincaka ku suka eka muxaka wun'we ku ya eka wun'wana hi ku famba ka nkarhi.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Siegesmud S & Snethlage R \|year=2014 \|title=Stone in Architecture:Properties, Durability \|edition=5th}}</ref>		Maendlelo lawa ma hlanganile eka leswi vitaniwaka rock cycle laha maribye ma nga cincaka ku suka eka muxaka wun'we ku ya eka wun'wana hi ku famba ka nkarhi.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Siegesmud S & Snethlage R \|year=2014 \|title=Stone in Architecture:Properties, Durability \|edition=5th}}</ref>
		⚫	[[File:Hampi, India, Rocky landscape of Hampi, Granite rocks of Matanga Hill.jpg\|thumb\|Maribye ya granite]]



	'''Muxaka wa maribye ya ntumbuluko.'''~~<ref>{{Cite web\|last=U.S. Geological Survey(USGS)\|title=Dimension Stone Statistics and Information\|url=usgs.gov\|url-status=live}}</ref>~~		'''Muxaka wa maribye ya ntumbuluko.'''
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
Ntila 35:		Ntila 36:

	Ribye i ra nkoka hikuva hi ntolovelo ri tiyile, ri hlawulekile naswona ri kumeka hi ntumbuluko. Maribye man'wana ma nga kota ku hanya madzana kumbe magidi ya malembe loko mahlawuriwile kahle naswona ma hlayisiwa. Hambiswiritano ku cela ribye emigodini ku ri fambisa ni ku ri lulamisa swi nga va ni mbuyelo eka mbango. Hikokwalaho i swa nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni laha ribye ri humaka kona ni ndlela leyi ri humesiwaka ni ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Langer \|first=W.H. \|year=2001 \|title=Dimension Stone}}</ref>		Ribye i ra nkoka hikuva hi ntolovelo ri tiyile, ri hlawulekile naswona ri kumeka hi ntumbuluko. Maribye man'wana ma nga kota ku hanya madzana kumbe magidi ya malembe loko mahlawuriwile kahle naswona ma hlayisiwa. Hambiswiritano ku cela ribye emigodini ku ri fambisa ni ku ri lulamisa swi nga va ni mbuyelo eka mbango. Hikokwalaho i swa nkoka ku tekela enhlokweni laha ribye ri humaka kona ni ndlela leyi ri humesiwaka ni ku tirhisiwa ha yona.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Langer \|first=W.H. \|year=2001 \|title=Dimension Stone}}</ref>
	[[File:~~Limestone~~ ~~Formation~~ In ~~Waitomo~~.jpg\|thumb\|I ~~xifaniso lexi kombaka~~ ku ~~vumbeka~~ ka ~~ribye~~ ra [[~~limestone~~]]]]		[[File:Giant Marbles in Joshua Tree National Park.jpg\|thumb\|I xifanisa le xi kombisaka maribye ya [[marble]]]]'''Swikombo'''
	[[File:Giant Marbles in Joshua Tree National Park.jpg\|thumb\|I xifanisa le xi kombisaka maribye ya [[marble]]]]
⚫	[[File:Hampi, India, Rocky landscape of Hampi, Granite rocks of Matanga Hill.jpg\|thumb\|~~I xifaniso lexi kombisaka maribye~~ ya [[granite]]~~]]'''Swikombo'''~~
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Ribye]]